Commentary on John Keatss Poems Essay Example for Free

Commentary on John Keatss Poems Essay O golden-tongued Romance with serene lute! Fair plumed Syren! Queen of far away! Leave melodizing on this wintry day, Shut up thine olden pages, and be mute: Adieu! for once again the fierce dispute, Betwixt damnation and impassiond clay Must I burn through; once more humbly assay The bitter-sweet of this Shakespearian fruit. Chief Poet! and ye clouds of Albion, Begetters of our deep eternal theme, When through the old oak forest I am gone, Let me not wander in a barren dream, But when I am consumed in the fire, Give me new Phoenix wings to fly at my desire. COMMENTARY : The poem under study was written in 1818 after the completion of John Keatss 4,000-line poem Endymion. We are facing a traditional and fixed form of poem as Sitting Down to Read King Lear Once Again is an Elizabethan sonnet  composed of fourteen lines which are divided up into three quatrains, that is four-line stanzas, and a final couplet -or two lines of verse. The rhyming pattern is abba, cddc, efef, gg as, notably Lute (l.1) rhymes with mute (l.4), far-away (l.2) with day (l.3) and dispute (l.5) with fruit (l.8). Moreover, the lines are iambic pentameters since they contain five iambic feet for instance : _ / _ / _ / _ / _ / O Gol/den-tongued /Romance, /with se/rene Lute! Like most of Keatss poems, this text deals with the speakers encounter with something which incites him to meditate and alters significantly his vision of life. It is the perusal of King Lear written by William Shakespeare in 1605 which affects him this time and this is not a first reading judging by the presence of Once Again in the title. Keats was a great admirer of Shakespeare. The theme of death, which is one of Keatss main concerns, is latent in the poem. This sonnets thought can be divided into four parts. Firstly, chivalric romances are praised and put aside. Secondly, the effects they provoke are contrasted with those engendered by the reading of King Lear. Thirdly, the speaker begs Shakespeare and heaven , his sources of inspiration, to help him. Finally, he compares himself to the Phoenix, which has the power to be immortal. To begin with, the first quatrain opens with the interjection O which is by definition used to express strong feelings. Indeed, the poem is charged with lyricism, the two exclamation marks contributing to it among other things. In this way, we are conscious from the beginning that the speaker s rereading of Shakespeares tragedy makes him profoundly react. Then, the term Romance refers to medieval romance, a form of narrative which developed in the 12th century and related tales of chivalry and courtly love. Its heroes were idealized and the plot often contained  miraculous or supernatural elements such as dragons or monsters fighting for the sake of the heroine. The adjective which qualifies this genre of literature, that is Golden-tongued, means that it is wonderfully narrated. Besides, it can be paralleled with the realms of gold Keats refers to in the same first line of the sonnet Upon First Looking into Chapmans Homer, the phrase being there a metaphor for books he highly values. Next, the lute is a stringed instrument, whose music acts as an enchantment on readers and leads them to sweet thoughts. This first line is basically an apostrophe since the speaker directly addresses Golden-tongued Romance thus personifying it. The Fair plumed Syren is praised as well, the poet considering her a royal person -a Queen- who melodiz[es] (l.3). She is also present in the romance in question. A siren, in Greek mythology, is one of the three sea nymphs, usually represented with the head of a woman and the body of a bird. They inhabited an island surrounded by dangerous rocks and sang so enchantingly that all who heard were drawn near or shipwrecked. The tune produced by the lute can be compared to the bewitching one sang by the siren which irresistibly attracts the poet to like this kind of literature. But, the lexical field of pleasure including serene Lute, Fair plumed Syren and melodizing among other things is contrasted with more negative phrases such as wintry day, Shut up and mute. This indicates that the poet is willing to wander from the sweet thoughts these readings generate, the Golden-tongued Romance being a synecdote for chivalric romances in general. Moreover, the personification process is extended on line 4 since Golden-tongued Romance is addressed as though it was endowed with life and speech. Indeed, thine () Pages are the books. Moreover, the siren is used as a metonymy for the narrative insofar as the poet combines the two on line 4, the predicates Shut up and be mute referring to the nymph. Finally, the adjective olden alludes to this literatures ancient existence. In short, this first quatrain deals with the poets liking for medieval romances insisting on their enchanting power. Nevertheless, the latter wishes to dismiss them from his mind. And prosopopeia is aimed at showing that he is deeply affected by his rereading of King Lear. The second stanza is going to contrast images of beauty with what Shakespeares tragedy displays. Next, the second quatrain begins with the poet bidding farewell to pleasant meditations. But, we should first and foremost put this sonnet back in its context. We can easily presume that it is autobiographic, thus that Keats reveals us his own worries. In 1818, he is aware that he has short time left to live due to the fatal illness he is suffering from, that is tuberculosis. Moreover, we have already realized that he is scared of death, particularly in his When I have fears that I may cease to be. In the second stanza, the lexical field of hell is present through fierce, damnation and burn through. And the predicate burn through must be taken both literally and figuratively. On the one hand, it hints at Keatss future death. On the other, it indicates his agitation facing antagonistic directions as he is torn between hellish visions and sweeter meditations, designated by damnation versus impassiond clay. So, damnation is a metaphor for the thoughts the reading of King Lear provokes while impassiond clay refers to those generated by chivalric romances. The word clay probably makes reference to the Bible as the sacred book states that God made the human body with this material. So, it symbolizes fecundity and regeneration in other words life. Thus, it is tempting to infer that romances allow the poet to escape from reality whereas King Lears tragic fate reminds him of his bad condition. The second part of the quatrain deals with the poets will to concentrate on  Shaksperean fruit in other words on King Lear itself. While the first stanza introduced his liking for romances, this one gradually leads us to the subject of the poem i.e. the feelings and thoughts the reading of the tragedy trigger. King Lear is quite a sad story as it deals among other things with consequences of the fatal mistake the eponymous character makes at retirement as he divides his kingdom between two of his daughters Goneril and Regan thinking that the youngest Cordelia is the one who loves him the least. Once he realizes that his trusted girls intend to drive him away, he leaves them. Cordelia, disowned, became Queen of France. She is informed of the situation and lands on her fathers old kingdom with an army to fight the other girls. The play ends in a disaster since Goneril, ashamed because unmasked by her husband, who had not known how wicked his wife was, suicides herself after having poisoned her sister Regan, out of a spirit of jealousy. And Cordelia, defeated by her sisters, is hung in prison. Lear dies last, his dear daughter in his arms. The adjective bitter-sweet (l.8) hints at both the pleasure the speaker takes rereading the story and aforementioned sad thoughts. The death of the characters actually reminds him he is to die soon. To summarize, literature acts as a catalyst on Keats since it makes him meditate. And between the images of beauty romances trigger and the unhappy thoughts King Lear provokes, he finally chooses to concentrate on Shakespeare. The reasons of this choice are going to be given in the third stanza. The third quatrain begins in the same way as the second, with an exclamation. Chief Poet! is a characteristic attributed to Shakespeare. In fact, the speaker aims at emphasizing his admiration for the playwright. Then, Albion is the name given by elders to Great Britain because of its white cliffs -in Latin albus means white. This is also where King Lear takes place. And a theme, in a work of literature is an idea that the writer develops or  repeats. If we take into account this definition, Chief Poet! and ye clouds of Albion, Begetters of our deep eternal theme! may mean that Shakespeare and Great Britain are the poets inexhaustible inspiration. Next, the speaker identifies with Lear on line 11. When the latter realizes that what Goneril and Regan really want is to chase him away, he leaves. It is a wild and stormy night and he wanders about the fields half mad with misery. So, lines 11 and 12 allude to that very episode in the tragedy. This is an instance of intertextuality. In addition, we can perceive the presence of heaven in this stanza. First, the phrase clouds of Albion reminds us of that biblical place which is usually imagined as being high up in the sky. And spirits walking on clouds are often pictured. Moreover, the fact that Great Britain is named Albion because of its white cliffs conveys the idea of a bridge between earth and heaven or life and death. Next, the old oak forest is highly symbolical. In many traditions, the oak is a sacred tree which is vested with privileges of heavens supreme divinity. It is also considered as an intermediary between earth where it puts its roots and the vault of the sky that it touches with its top. That is probably due to its majestic appearance and because it attracts lightning. So, the oak forest can be regarded as a sacred and secluded place, in other words as a kind of sanctuary in which the poet roams waiting for his impending death. Personification is also used as the subject of the predicate Let me not wander in a barren dream is not only Chief Poet but also clouds of Albion. Keatss fear to die is perceived in that line and begging the deceased playwright to save him is a way of highlighting his sacredness. Let us remind of Keatss admiration for Shakespeare. Therefore, the Elizabethan writer and heavens importance are dealt with. They are the source of the speakers inspiration and his saviour. The final couplet is about the poets yearning to be reincarnated. Lastly, the legend of the Phoenix is introduced. In ancient Greek and Egyptian mythology, it is a bird. When it felt its death approaching -every 500 or 1461 years-, it would build a nest of aromatic wood, set it on fire and was consumed by the flames. When it was burned, a new phoenix sprang forth from the pyre. In these two lines, the poet compares himself to the mythical bird endowing himself with the same powers as its own, that is those of resurrection and immortality. Indeed, he is tormented by his impending death and yearns to be immortal, what he achieves in a way since 175 years after his death, he is still much read, valued and studied in universities. To conclude, it is pensive introspection in the form of lyric poetry on a young mans impending death. We are made aware of Keatss visionary experience rereading King Lear. His liking for romances is highlighted nevertheless he chooses to concentrate on Shakespeares masterpiece as it makes him think about his worries. Indeed, literature acts as a catalyst for meditation. Finally, we focus on the poets fear of death and yearning for immortality.

The Great Depression in America Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Great Depression was a huge economic downfall in North America and involved many other industrialized countries of the world. The Depression began in 1929 and lasted for about ten years. Millions of people lost their jobs along with many businesses going bankrupt. The common misconception of the Great Depression is people think that the stock market crash was the main cause for it. There were many causes for the Depression; unequal distribution of money during the 1920’s was the main cause of the Depression. This unequal distribution happened on many different classes of people. The imbalance of money is what created such an unstable economy. The stock market was doing much worse than people thought during this period. This lead to the biggest stock market crash in our history. The misdistribution of wealth and the stock market crash caused the economy to plummet (Modern).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The stock market was bigger than ever in the 1920’s. Prices reached levels that people never dreamed of. At one point when the market was roaring in September 1929 forty percent of stock market values were pure air. This meant that investors thought that the stock market would go up because it had been going up. By 1928 and 1929 the Federal Reserve was worried about the high level that the stock market had reached (Galbraith 116). The Federal Reserve feared that the stock market might burst suddenly. If this did happen investment might fall, parts of the stock market might not be able to pay back debts, and even worse recession might result (Galbraith 118). The Federal Reserve in 1928 tried to make borrowing money for stock speculation more difficult and very costly by raising interest rates. All of the options that the Reserve tried had unfavorable risks associated with them. Many economists believed that the Federal Reserve was responsible for the recessi on. The stock market did crash on October 29 1929. The Federal Reserve tried to do to much to stop the recession and in return brought on the recession that they were trying to stop (America).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When the stock market crashed in October this day was known as â€Å"Black Tuesday.† On this day Americans saw their stocks lose a tenth of their value. The exact reason for why the stock market busted on this day are unknown (Delong 1). The stock market cras... ...t of 1935, which raised personal income taxes on the highest income levels (America).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On December 8, 1941 the U.S. Senate issued a declaration of war on Japan. Germany declared war on the United States on December 11, 1941. Industrial factories were at first slow to convert into making military machinery. By 1942, 33 percent of the economy was devoted to the war effort (Modern). This gave society a sense of patriotism and devotion to one’s country. Between 1941 and 1945 the United States spent about $250 million a day in order to defeat their enemies. Federal spending was more than $320 billion over that period. That was two times as much money as the federal government had spent in its entire history up until that point. This government spending stimulated an industrial boom and stopped unemployment. By the end of the war in 1945, the farmer’s income had more than doubled. Corporate profits rose by 70 percent and the wages of the employees increased by over 50 percent. The most interesting statistic was that the earnings of the botto m fifth of workers rose to 68 percent. The Great Depression soon came to an end being swept away by the war (America).

Problem Analysis Contract Law

An offer must be firm and demonstrate clear intent, whereas an acceptance must accept the term of the offer unqualifiedly. It should be noted that in the usual case, communication of acceptance and consideration are also essential to constitute a valid acceptance. If all elements are found to exist, the contract will be complete, and Lain will be bound to fulfill his promise. Offer The first issue to address is whether an offer exists. Lain would presumably argue that his statement was merely a puff and lacked intention to be acted upon as he announced it impulsively under the influence of alcohol, and the offer does not give him any benefit.This is, however, a weak argument. The general rule is that the intention of the parties should be assessed objectively, as in Smith v Hughes (1871) LORD 6 CB 597 where Blackburn] stated that the promises conduct should be considered in a way that appears to a reasonable man. The phrase â€Å"would pay El 0,000† exhibits both certainty and intention, because it has stated the exact amount of reward and the wordings shows immediate readiness to be bound. His claim is particularly convincing given his wealth. A reasonable man would therefore believe that Lain did intend to pay the reward if the stated condition was fulfilled.Similar to Williams v Cowardice (1833) 5 Car & P 566, there is only a promise made by one party. Lanai's statement appears to represent a unilateral offer that would be converted into a binding contract once the required act has been performed. This would be further discussed in the following. Acceptance In unilateral contracts, performance of the stipulated act constitutes the acceptance of offer (Cargill v carbonic smoke gall co. [1893] 1 CB 256 (CA)). Both crews have performed the act of â€Å"crossing the finish line† ahead of Lanai's yacht.However, it is highlighted that the current case differs from Cargill v Carbonic Smoke Ball Co. In that it is arguable whether or not anyone who has completed the performance can claim the reward. On one hand, it can be said that since Lanai's offer does not state any conditions, crossing the finishing line is sufficient in itself. This argument is, however, suggesting that any random yacht that happens to cross the finish line by incident is also entitled to the reward, which makes little sense. The court is more likely to accept that only qualified competitors who crossed the knish line ahead of Lanai's yacht should be considered.This is indeed supported by the fact that the crew of † Moon Amour† joined the competition upon knowing the offer. It shows that the offered also understands that being a qualified competitor is a prerequisite. By entering the race, both crews have agreed to the Race Rules and therefore, they should be bound by such rules. In Clarke v Dungaree [1 897] AC 59, the court stated that when the party understands that the race is to be run under a particular set of regulations, and that he delibe rately enter for the race upon those terms, he is bound by such rules.Whilst the crew of â€Å"Bell Raider', being a qualified competitor, had fulfilled the conditions of Lanai's offer, since the French crew was not officially recognized by the race officials due to a breach of the Race Rules, it can hardly be said that the latter has validly accepted Lanai's offer. Communication of acceptance Whilst communication of acceptance is needed in the usual case, in unilateral contract, the offer showed by his language and from the nature of the contract that he waived the need to communicate (Cargill v Carbonic Smoke Ball Co. ).Whether Lain received notice of the performance is irrelevant to the matter at hand. Consideration The agreement has to be supported by consideration in a legally enforceable contract. To determine if there is consideration, it brings up the debate of whether reliance is essential. Lord Dunedin, in Dunlop Pneumatic Tree Co. Ltd v Selfridges & Co. Ltd [191 5] AC 84 7, 855 defined consideration as â€Å"an act or forbearance of one party, or the promise thereof, is the price for which the promise of the other is brought, and the promise thus given for value is enforceable†.Following his definition, obviously, both crews' act Of crossing the finish line, in return for the reward, is treated as good consideration. The answer would be less certain if reliance is required. In the book The Law of Contract, Triple asserts that an act or forbearance would not be consideration â€Å"where the promises would have accomplished the act or forbearance anyway†. This view was supported by R v Clarke (1927) 40 CLC 227, where the court held that the claimant could not recover the reward because his concern was not the reward when he gave the information.In other words, the claimant had not â€Å"act in reliance upon† the offer. It is a matter of debate if this prevailing view is in fact erroneous, as argued by Paul Mitchell and John Philip s in â€Å"Is reliance essential? † , but this is not the current concern. Assuming that this general view is still correct, the French crew's acceptance was clearly motivated by the offer as they did not intend to participate in the race until Lain ‘s announcement. But in the case of â€Å"Bell Raider†, there is insufficient information to tell if their crew did act in reliance to the offer.There may be three different situations depends on the facts. Firstly, if the situation is identical to that of the French crew, they act in reliance to the offer for the same reason. Secondly, if evidence shows that â€Å"Bell Raider will join and win the match even without Lanai's offer, their performance cannot be regarded as consideration as there is no reliance. Thirdly, if â€Å"Bell Raider† will join the match but not necessarily reach the destination ahead of Lanai's yacht, it can still be argued that the reward motivated the crew to outperform themselves and thus, there is reliance.

The Common Ground Between Christianity And Mormonism

Bibliographic Entry Blomberg, Craig L., and Stephen E. Robinson. How Wide the Divide?. Downer Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1997. Content Summary This book attempt to show the common ground between Christianity and Mormonism by examining the individual areas of Scripture, God, Christ, the Trinity and Salvation. The summation of the author’s findings is that although there are great differences there is also much common ground that can be used to strengthen our relationship together and bring unity to the ecumenical community. The book is written in a point, counterpoint style where Craig L. Blomberg is bringing the point with an accusational tone from an Evangelical point of view, and Stephen E. Robinson the counterpoint with a defensive tone from a Mormon point of view. 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Analysis Of Night In Night By Elie Wiesel - 813 Words

The Holocaust was a horrible event, one most people hate to think of much less speak of. This event however is the base of young Elie Wiesel’s life and story. The memoir Night by Elie Wiesel is all about his personal journey and place in the telling of the Holocaust. In the book he is sent to Auschwitz as a lamb is sent to the slaughter. He reiterates his transformation during this time, a transformation where he diverts from his Jewish roots and loses his faith in a merciful and Almighty God. In the beginning of Elie’s time in Auschwitz, he is a faithful young Jew who not only knows his religion well but wishes to learn even more. As said in Night, â€Å"One day I asked my father to find me a master who could guide me in my studies of†¦show more content†¦I stood petrified. What had happened to me? My father had just been struck, in front of me, and I had not even blinked. I had watched and kept silent. Only yesterday I would have dug my nails into this crimi nal’s flesh (Wiesel 39). Elie says he not only would have helped his father after he was slapped but that he would have â€Å"dug his nails into this criminal’s flesh.† Showing that his father’s relationship was strong and they would have fought for each other before Auschwitz. But now, Elie is frozen in survival mode, cluing into the attitude of Auschwitz’ instilling philosophy of every man for himself. Lastly, in the end of the book Elie’s faith and, sadly, his relationship with his father had both deteriorated. In Night a hospital mate of Elie’s said, â€Å"‘I have more faith in Hitler than in anyone else. He alone has kept his promises, all his promises, to the Jewish people’† (Wiesel 81). This quote, while not Elie’s words, is very certain, fear ridden, and powerful. My take from this quote is where Elie, in the memoir at least, does not respond to his hospital mate. This tells me that deep down Elie agrees and he knows that he agrees with the man. Also towards the end of the memoir Elie’s father dies. 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In the Night, author Elie Wiesel provide the readers with an insight of how determination became the guidance for the Jewish people who suffered dreadful torture and endured a horrid lifestyle under the Nazi’s fascist and anti-semitic regime. Furthermore, due to continuous

Personal Writing Personal Narrative - 2064 Words

â€Å"‘Oww!,’ I said as I fell off my bike.† These are the first words of a personal essay that I wrote in the second grade about learning how to ride a bicycle. I remember them so clearly because my teacher boasted to the class about my use of such an eye-catching introductory remark, so it seems appropriate to use those words here as well. Not only do these words mark the beginning of a growing girl’s literary journey, but also the start to a timeline of establishing a tangible identity for myself that is further revealed within memories of trashy magazines, banned books, and most notably, my own writing. While my writing truly began far before the second grade, my essay about riding that bike was the first that excited me. My teacher†¦show more content†¦Of course, I was too young to understand what was happening as I read more of the trashy magazines and I just believed something was wrong with me, because I didn’t look like any of them. Any positive body image that I once had was reduced to nothing and many years after not picking up one of those magazines, I continued to struggle with the self-deprecation. Eventually I found ways to understand how I was feeling, mostly thanks to the blogging website, â€Å"Tumblr,† which I created an account on solely for leisure purposes. I never thought that I would open a door to a plethora of writing done by empowering women with similar experiences. The website is a network of blogs that â€Å"reblog,† or repost other blog’s posts onto their blog, so it would be impossible to cite who’s posts I had seen when I was 12, however I do remember much of the general ideas that were spread across the website. I distinctly recall phrases such as â€Å"fight the patriarchy† and â€Å"free the nipple,† with explanations as to how women’s bodies are shamed by men and mass media and how I could understand the shame I felt for myself. Throu gh these ideas I began to see how I could channel the negative perfectionism that I had for my body into a desire to change the system that holds so many women as hostages. Even now, as the works on the websites evolve toShow MoreRelatedPersonal Narrative Personal Writing1652 Words   |  7 PagesFor as long as I can remember, my dad has always corrected my grammar and manners. As a lawyer, he writes and reviews thousands of legal documents, which has sharpened his writing skills tremendously. With these skills comes a grammar geek who loves correcting people. Looking back at all the times my dad has reminded me of a certain rule, a particular occasion always comes to mind. This moment took place at my kitchen counter in Illinois when I was a Freshman in High School. It was a late weekdayRead MorePersonal Writing : My Personal Narrative1331 Words   |  6 PagesWhen I was a little girl I loved to write, my father would give me silly little writing prompts and I would write short p aragraphs of made up scenarios. My father really encouraged my writing at an early age, but as I grew a little bit older I realize that I struggled with it a lot. I can remember my very first personal journal. The stuff I would write was so underdeveloped, because I was so young but I didn’t care at the time. As I grew older, I became fond of roleplaying online on websites or inRead MorePersonal Writing : My Personal Narrative1036 Words   |  5 Pagesto see how our teacher liked our stories. Mine journal would always be filled with words of praise and tiny smiley faces she had drawn in the margins. This left me feeling unstoppable. I had finally found something at school that I was good at. Writing soon became my happy place. Even at such a young age, I would write when I felt alone. I was never the most social kid. I had plenty of friends but I wasn’t as outgoing as they were. While they were climbing up the slides and jumping off the monkeyRead MoreWriting Skills : A Personal Narrative850 Words   |  4 PagesClaude Sumner Mr. Rich Writing Skills: A Personal Narrative 15 January 2016 Throughout my life, I have faced many challenges. Like being kicked out of school, being kicked out of the house, and a lot of others. But all of those things add up to one challenge to me; myself. Everything I’ve been through in my life, now that I look back on it, has all been placed there so that I can learn about myself and who I am as a person. Coming from the area that I come from, an individual might be subjectedRead MoreCreative Writing : Personal Narrative1348 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Click,† went the door handle, as Tristan picked the lock on the door. â€Å"And we’re in,† he exclaimed. â€Å"Good job soldiers. One step closer to victory,† said Director Schwartz over the earpieces given before they set off. With Tristan and Evan taking out the dictator, the Spanish Government could reclaim the rest of lost, deserted government buildings, and restore the country back to normal. â€Å"Let’s go, Evan. You have the map, right?† Tristan asked. After Evan pulled out his phone they examinedRead MorePersonal Narrative - Travel Writing Essay823 Words   |  4 PagesPersonal Narrative - Travel Writing I took a final look around my room to make sure I hadnt forgotten anything. Feeling depressed, yet eager to go home, I walked out of the room lugging my suitcase behind me, as I carefully closed the door. I entered the elevator sorrowfully. I pressed the button to go to the lobby where I would be able to check out and hand back the key. The door opened and I stepped outside, still dragging my immensely heavy suitcase! Read MorePersonal Narrative Essay - Original Writing949 Words   |  4 PagesPersonal Narrative I am at room in a very spacious hotel with beautiful ambience and a relaxed atmosphere, far away from the hustles and bustles of this world. And as i could visualize an endless wilderness and say; â€Å"it’s in middle of nowhere†, so is this locational description of this hotel. What I now know though, is that it’s at the periphery of our Narok County, deep at the Maasai Mara, Kenya. The hotel usually visited by the high and mighty of this world: Hollywood movie producers, renownedRead More Personal Narrative- Improved Writing Essay984 Words   |  4 Pages My first real writing experience happened my junior year at HHS. It was the second to last day of school of my sophomore year, and I happened to be flipping through the course descriptions book, and was thinking of an English class to take next year. Well, I sat there and sat there thumbing through the pages, and finally, one particular class appealed to me. I thought, WOW, this is a class I should take! Yeah right, but I still decided to register for American Lit.anyway. Well, the schoolRead MorePersonal Narrative Essay - Original Writing1716 Words   |  7 PagesPersonal Narrative We all like to pretend that we have control over our lives. Being in control makes us feel powerful, like we are ready for anything. With everything that goes on in the world we never can truly be in full control of our lives, but the moments that we felt we were in control are looked back as good times in our lives. Of course, it’s the moments where we lose control that stick with us the most. The day I found out I would lose my dad for a year started a little differently thanRead MorePersonal Narrative Essay - Original Writing1716 Words   |  7 PagesPersonal Narrative We all like to pretend that we have control over our lives. Being in control makes us feel powerful, like we are ready for anything. With everything that goes on in the world we never can truly be in full control of our lives, but the moments that we felt we were in control are looked back as good times in our lives. Of course, it’s the moments where we lose control that stick with us the most. The day I found out I would lose my dad for a year started a little differently

Concept of Perceived Value

Question: Discuss about the Concept of Perceived Value. Answer:. Introduction The concept of perceived value is an important term in the context of marketing and consumer behavior. The success of brands completely depends on how the customers and users of the product perceive the value and worth of the products and services, a company is delivering. The perceived value of a product can also be defined as the evaluation of the benefits of a product into the minds of the customers when the product has been compared with the other brands. A company has to adopt different marking concepts and strategies in order to make a good brand value of its products and services as this play an important role in defining the success and output of the particular brand (Malik, 2012). In marketing, perceived value can either be expressed in quantitative or qualitative measures and both are substantially of great importance to an organization and thus, need to be taken care of appropriately. Therefore, a company needs to understand the concept of perceived value and its importanc e in the buying behavior of its customers. Perceived Value and its significance to Consumer Behavior and Marketing The theory of perceived value actually defines the worth of a product and the willingness of its customers to pay for the products and services of a particular company and brand. It determines the intention of its customers for the purchase of goods. The perceived value from a customers perspective is actually the difference between the evaluation of the benefits of the particular product that a customer is interested in buying and the price it asks to pay and various other perceived alternatives that depends upon the needs of the particular customer (Milanovic and Bucalina, 2014). The value of each and every product is not the same for every customer, it changes and depends upon the needs and demands of an individual and its willingness and capacity for buying that product. Price is the major factor that affects the value of a product. The value is generally an expression of benefits divided by its cost (Sanchez-Fernandez and Iniesta-Bonillo, 2007). The perceptions of the consumers have a dramatic and upholding effect on consumers purchasing patterns and behaviors. That is why, brands or the companies spend a lot of their time, effort, and money on researching ways of marketing their products, market segmentation, positioning, and targeting of customers so that they can achieve a favorable result in influencing the perceptions of their customers and enhancing the value of their products and services (Dahl, 2013). Marketing mix and marketing concepts also play a significant role in influencing the purchasing pattern of their customers. Four Ps of Marketing are of utmost importance to any business and those can be explained as Product, Price, Place, and Promotion. With appropriate planning, implementation and execution of these strategies, a business can have a great impact on customers perceptions and therefore, beneficial and profitable results can be obtained. It is first and foremost the perceived value of a consumer that affe cts its purchase intention. And if the perceived value is higher, the intention of the purchase will also be higher as the both the variables are directly proportional to each other. Therefore, perceived value is highly important for a business concern when it comes to consumer behavior and marketing (Yelkur, 2000). Adidas Adidas is one of the famous brands that produce sporting goods and mainly shoes that attracts most of its customers. It focuses more on one of the marketing concepts known as product concept which describes that consumers generally prefer to buy products which are of high quality and has superior features. As it is discussed earlier that the perceived value of a product is defined by two measures i.e. qualitative and quantitative. Qualitative measures are those which affects the emotional, and physical conditions and various economic, environmental, and social factors of the customers, whereas quantitative measures are those consists of financial factors (Chi and Kilduff, 2011). Price is an important factor that affects the perception of the customers and is a determination of the high quality. Adidas uses the premium pricing policy strategy which is by far proved by its product as they provide standard quality and high performance. Price denominates the extrinsic value, whereas prod uct strategy is the primary factor that influences the customers decisions and its purchase value. Adidas uses a variety of strategies that positively affects the buying behavior and attitudes of its customers. It maintained the repo of its product by creating a brand image and value and providing expected satisfaction to the customers by meeting their needs and demands. Adidas also have taken preliminary steps to build and strengthen its relationship with customers by creating brand loyalty which affects to a great extent when it comes to perceived value. The brand incorporates the online accounts of its customers on their website and provides them additional discounts and offers while their purchase which comes under the selling concept of marketing. The brand also provides functional benefits that includes its unique product design, customized delivery, online services, and easy availability of products both in physical stores and online (Mwencha, Muathe and Thuo, 2014). The comp any also helps in providing an integrated experience of shopping to its customers and their advertising campaigns which attracts a lot of potential customers. Customers enjoy the various benefits offered by the company and also pays attention to each and every of its existing and new products as the company has maintained its trust. Adidas has a good number of potential customers that indulge and involve in the buying process apart from the fact that the prices of its product are higher than most of its competitors. Therefore, the use of effective marketing strategies, brand pricing, and meeting the satisfaction levels of customers Adidas creates a greater perceived value and has a favorable impact on buying behavior of its customers (Swait and Sweeney, 2000). Complan Complan is the brand that is well-known for providing powdered milk health drinks. The companys marketing strategies are very unique and ethical. It has been approved by doctors as a healthy source of drinking, which in itself creates a good perceived value in the minds of its consumers. The company focuses on the nutritional value of their product and therefore, convincing their customers that the product they are offering is better than the other competing products following the theory of societal marketing concept which focuses on providing and value examining the well-being of the society. The company prefers to work on the production concept which explains that the most consumers prefer to purchase those products which are widely and easily available and are inexpensive. It works on the strategies that satisfies the four values which are price value, emotional value, social value, and functional value. These four values are of significant importance that influences the purchase intention of the consumer (Djojo and Arief, 2015). The brand segments and targets its customers on the basis of the user rather than targeting on the basis of usage. It has various competitors in the market as Horlicks, boost, bournvita, etc. that provides energy drinks in different other flavors, which creates a direct competition in the market and therefore, having an impact on the perceived value of the complan users. As it is a product that competes against milk, it is very difficult to convince buyers that it is healthy and provides nutrition because it takes a great amount of effort to leave a favorable impact when the product is consumable. For some people, the product is not right from the social point of view as it competes as a substitute for milk leading to have an adverse effect on its brand image and so on to the buying behavior and purchase intention of the customers. So, the company has to work very hard on the execution of its marketing strategies to create a good impact on the consumers mind. As far as the working structure of the company and the sale of its product has been seen, it overall has a very good perceived value into the market as it comes in nice packaging, and offers a number of tasty flavors according to the demands of its consumers (Williams, 2014). It has been noted that the sales of the company have increased when compared with other brands providing the same type of products. Thus, it enjoys a good perceived value satisfying the needs of the users and has a good brand image. Conclusion From the above description an analysis, it has been very clear that in order to make a business profitable and to achieve a brand name, a company has to understand the behavior of its customers so that it can provide them with what they want to create more sales. A company has to plan and execute its marketing strategies in a way that it positively affects its customer base and the perceived value can be converted into purchases (Petkus, 2010). It has to study all the various attributes of its customers that can affect the sales and demand of its products. On the other hand, it also has to make efforts in its research and development process to make their products unique and beyond comparison to survive in the market place. Perceived value very much affects the buying behavior of the products and services and this in turn determines the growth and future of the company. Therefore, perceived value is an important factor to be considered by any business. A business firm must understand the theory of perceived value and consumer behavior and should plan its strategies, including marketing mix, brand positioning, etc. accordingly in order to become successful (Gul, 2013). References Chi, T. and Kilduff, P. (2011). Understanding consumer perceived value of casual sportswear: An empirical study.Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 18(5), pp.422-429. Dahl, D. (2013). Social Influence and Consumer Behavior.Journal of Consumer Research, 40(2), p.iii-v. Djojo, B. and Arief, M. (2015). Exploring the Factors Affecting Consumer Purchase Intention Towards Children Multivitamin Products Based on Purchase Store.adv sci lett, 21(4), pp.622-625. Gul, M. (2013). Long-term Orientation, Perceived Consumer Effectiveness, and Environmentally Conscious Consumer Behavior: The Case of Turkey.IJMS, 5(5). Malik, S. (2012). Customer Satisfaction, Perceived Service Quality and Mediating Role of Perceived Value.IJMS, 4(1). Milanovic, V. and Bucalina, A. (2014). The development of the 'customer lifetime value' concept.Marketing, 45(2), pp.113-130. Mwencha, P., Muathe, S. and Thuo, J. (2014). Effect of Perceived Attributes, Perceived Risk and Perceived Value on Usage of Online Retailing Services.jmr, 6(2), p.140. Petkus, E. (2010). Incorporating Transformative Consumer Research Into the Consumer Behavior Course Experience.Journal of Marketing Education, 32(3), pp.292-299. Sanchez-Fernandez, R. and Iniesta-Bonillo, M. (2007). The concept of perceived value: a systematic review of the research.Marketing Theory, 7(4), pp.427-451. Swait, J. and Sweeney, J. (2000). Perceived value and its impact on choice behavior in a retail setting.Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 7(2), pp.77-88. Williams, P. (2014). Emotions and Consumer Behavior.Journal of Consumer Research, 40(5), p.viii-xi. Yelkur, R. (2000). Customer Satisfaction and the Services Marketing Mix.Journal of Professional Services Marketing, 21(1), pp.105-115.